{"id":50027,"date":"2026-07-04T14:30:00","date_gmt":"2026-07-04T12:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ob-import-50027"},"modified":"2026-07-04T14:30:00","modified_gmt":"2026-07-04T12:30:00","slug":"mythe-3-l-islam-est-il-contre-la-science","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/convertistoislam.fr\/en\/mythe-3-l-islam-est-il-contre-la-science\/","title":{"rendered":"Mythe n\u00ba3 : L\u2019islam est-il contre la science\u2009?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"ob-sections\">\n<div\n    class=\"ob-section ob-section-html\"\n      ><\/p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"line-height:1.6800000000000002; text-align:center; margin-bottom:4px\"><span style=\"font-size:15pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Arial,sans-serif\"><span style=\"color:#b0881f\"><span style=\"font-weight:400\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">\u0628\u0650\u0633\u0652\u0645\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0647\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u062d\u0652\u0645\u0670\u0646\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u062d\u0650\u064a\u0645\u0650<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height:1.2; text-align:center; margin-bottom:4px\"><span style=\"font-size:8.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#7a7a7a\"><span style=\"font-weight:400\"><span style=\"font-style:italic\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">Au nom d&rsquo;Allah, le Tout Mis&eacute;ricordieux, le Tr&egrave;s Mis&eacute;ricordieux<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height:1.2; text-align:center; margin-bottom:4px\"><span style=\"font-size:9.5pt; font-variant:small-caps; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#b0881f\"><span style=\"font-weight:700\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">MYTHES &amp; ST&Eacute;R&Eacute;OTYPES SUR L&rsquo;ISLAM<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height:1.2; text-align:center; border-bottom:solid #c2a02f 0.75pt; padding:0pt 0pt 8pt 0pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#1a2c50\"><span style=\"font-weight:400\"><span style=\"font-style:italic\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">Mythe n&deg; 3<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height:3; text-align:center; margin-bottom:1px\"><span style=\"font-size:24pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#1a2c50\"><span style=\"font-weight:700\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">L&rsquo;islam est-il<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height:3; text-align:center; margin-bottom:10px\"><span style=\"font-size:24pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#1a2c50\"><span style=\"font-weight:700\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">anti-science&thinsp;?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height:1.2; text-align:center; margin-bottom:3px\"><span style=\"font-size:10pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#55585f\"><span style=\"font-weight:400\"><span style=\"font-style:italic\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">Foi, raison et modernit&eacute;&thinsp;: d&eacute;passer un faux conflit, sans l&eacute;gende dor&eacute;e<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height:1.2; text-align:center\"><span style=\"font-size:9pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#b0881f\"><span style=\"font-weight:400\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">\u25c6&ensp;\u25c6&ensp;\u25c6<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height:1.2; text-align:center\"><span style=\"font-size:10pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#1a2c50\"><span style=\"font-weight:700\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">convertistoislam.fr<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height:1.2\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height:1.5; border-bottom:solid #c2a02f 1pt; margin-top:24px; margin-bottom:6px; padding:0pt 0pt 6pt 0pt\"><span style=\"font-size:13.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#b0881f\"><span style=\"font-weight:700\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">I.&ensp;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size:13.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#1a2c50\"><span style=\"font-weight:700\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">Le mythe (et pourquoi il s&eacute;duit)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height:1.56; text-align:justify; margin-bottom:9px\"><span style=\"font-size:10.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#20242e\"><span style=\"font-weight:400\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">&laquo;&nbsp;L&rsquo;islam est anti-science.&nbsp;&raquo; L&rsquo;accusation revient sans cesse, et l&rsquo;on en donne pour preuve le retard scientifique de nombreux pays musulmans aujourd&rsquo;hui, comme si cette situation trahissait une incompatibilit&eacute; inscrite dans la doctrine. La th&egrave;se s&eacute;duit pour trois raisons. D&rsquo;abord, l&rsquo;imaginaire occidental est marqu&eacute; par le r&eacute;cit d&rsquo;une &laquo;&nbsp;guerre entre la science et la religion&nbsp;&raquo; &mdash; l&rsquo;affaire Galil&eacute;e en &eacute;tendard &mdash;, que l&rsquo;on plaque sur l&rsquo;islam comme si toutes les religions avaient suivi la m&ecirc;me trajectoire. Ensuite, la carte scientifique actuelle semble confirmer le verdict. Enfin, on glisse habilement de la science (une m&eacute;thode) &agrave; la &laquo;&nbsp;modernit&eacute;&nbsp;&raquo; philosophique (mat&eacute;rialisme, s&eacute;cularisme), comme si rejeter l&rsquo;une revenait &agrave; rejeter l&rsquo;autre.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height:1.56; text-align:justify; margin-bottom:9px\"><span style=\"font-size:10.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#20242e\"><span style=\"font-weight:400\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">Mais &agrave; cette accusation, la pire r&eacute;ponse serait une l&eacute;gende inverse &mdash; &laquo;&nbsp;l&rsquo;islam a invent&eacute; la science, tout vient du monde musulman&nbsp;&raquo; &mdash; aussi fausse et fragile que le mythe qu&rsquo;elle pr&eacute;tend corriger. Ce dossier prend un autre chemin&thinsp;: l&rsquo;histoire r&eacute;elle, dans toute sa complexit&eacute;, qui suffit &agrave; faire tomber la th&egrave;se d&rsquo;une hostilit&eacute; de principe, sans pour autant transformer l&rsquo;islam en garantie automatique de progr&egrave;s.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height:1.56; text-align:justify; margin-bottom:9px\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height:1.5; border-bottom:solid #c2a02f 1pt; margin-top:24px; margin-bottom:6px; padding:0pt 0pt 6pt 0pt\"><span style=\"font-size:13.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#b0881f\"><span style=\"font-weight:700\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">II.&ensp;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size:13.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#1a2c50\"><span style=\"font-weight:700\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">Le verdict de l&rsquo;histoire&thinsp;: une civilisation savante<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height:1.56; text-align:justify; margin-bottom:9px\"><span style=\"font-size:10.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#20242e\"><span style=\"font-weight:400\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">Le fait est massif&thinsp;: du VIII\u1d49 au XIII\u1d49 si&egrave;cle, et au-del&agrave;, les terres d&rsquo;islam ont &eacute;t&eacute; l&rsquo;un des grands foyers scientifiques du monde. Al-Khw&acirc;rizm&icirc; donne son nom &agrave; l&rsquo;alg&egrave;bre (al-jabr) et, par la latinisation de son nom, au mot &laquo;&nbsp;algorithme&nbsp;&raquo;. Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen) jette les bases de l&rsquo;optique et insiste sur la n&eacute;cessit&eacute; d&rsquo;&eacute;prouver les hypoth&egrave;ses par l&rsquo;exp&eacute;rience. Al-B&icirc;r&ucirc;n&icirc; mesure le rayon terrestre avec une pr&eacute;cision remarquable pour son temps. Ibn an-Naf&icirc;s d&eacute;crit la circulation pulmonaire trois si&egrave;cles avant l&rsquo;Europe. Et des institutions structurent ce paysage&thinsp;: la Maison de la sagesse (Bayt al-Hikma) de Bagdad, les observatoires de Maragha et de Samarcande, les h&ocirc;pitaux-&eacute;coles (b&icirc;m&acirc;rist&acirc;ns), la mosqu&eacute;e-universit&eacute; d&rsquo;al-Qarawiyy&icirc;n &agrave; F&egrave;s.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height:1.56; text-align:justify; margin-bottom:9px\"><span style=\"font-size:10.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#20242e\"><span style=\"font-weight:400\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">Mais l&rsquo;honn&ecirc;tet&eacute; impose deux nuances que la l&eacute;gende dor&eacute;e efface. D&rsquo;une part, cet essor fut une &oelig;uvre de civilisation, n&eacute;e de l&rsquo;assimilation des h&eacute;ritages grec, perse et indien par un immense mouvement de traduction &mdash; et port&eacute;e par des savants souvent persans, parfois non musulmans (le chr&eacute;tien Hunayn ibn Ish&acirc;q, le sab&eacute;en Th&acirc;bit ibn Qurra). Elle doit aussi &agrave; des conditions politiques et &eacute;conomiques&thinsp;: stabilit&eacute;, m&eacute;c&eacute;nat des califes, prosp&eacute;rit&eacute; des routes commerciales. D&rsquo;autre part, cet &acirc;ge d&rsquo;or ne fut pas sans tensions&thinsp;: la philosophie (falsafa) y fut parfois contest&eacute;e, et un penseur comme Ibn Rushd (Averro&egrave;s) connut la disgr&acirc;ce, ses livres br&ucirc;l&eacute;s. Une civilisation scientifique &eacute;clatante, donc &mdash; mais ni produite par la seule foi, ni exempte de conflits internes.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height:1.56; text-align:justify; margin-bottom:9px\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height:1.5; border-bottom:solid #c2a02f 1pt; margin-top:24px; margin-bottom:6px; padding:0pt 0pt 6pt 0pt\"><span style=\"font-size:13.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#b0881f\"><span style=\"font-weight:700\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">III.&ensp;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size:13.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#1a2c50\"><span style=\"font-weight:700\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">Une science n&eacute;e de besoins religieux<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height:1.56; text-align:justify; margin-bottom:9px\"><span style=\"font-size:10.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#20242e\"><span style=\"font-weight:400\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">Faut-il alors conclure, comme certains, que la science fut &eacute;trang&egrave;re &agrave; l&rsquo;islam, simple fruit d&rsquo;un h&eacute;ritage grec greff&eacute; sur un empire&thinsp;? Ce serait oublier que nombre de ces sciences sont n&eacute;es de besoins proprement religieux. L&rsquo;astronomie s&rsquo;est d&eacute;velopp&eacute;e pour fixer les heures de pri&egrave;re, d&eacute;terminer la direction de La Mecque (qibla) et &eacute;tablir le calendrier lunaire &mdash; d&rsquo;o&ugrave; le m&eacute;tier de muwaqqit, l&rsquo;astronome de la mosqu&eacute;e. L&rsquo;alg&egrave;bre d&rsquo;Al-Khw&acirc;rizm&icirc; fut en partie codifi&eacute;e pour r&eacute;soudre les &eacute;pineux calculs de l&rsquo;h&eacute;ritage selon le droit musulman. Et la critique des hadiths a forg&eacute; une science rigoureuse de l&rsquo;authentification &mdash; l&rsquo;examen des cha&icirc;nes de transmission (\u02bfilm ar-rij&acirc;l) &mdash; qui pr&eacute;figure, &agrave; sa mani&egrave;re, l&rsquo;exigence m&eacute;thodique.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height:1.56; text-align:justify; margin-bottom:9px\"><span style=\"font-size:10.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#20242e\"><span style=\"font-weight:400\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">&Agrave; cela s&rsquo;ajoute une valorisation religieuse du savoir qui irrigua toute la culture. La religion ne fut donc ni la seule cause de cet essor, ni un obstacle&thinsp;: elle en fut l&rsquo;une des matrices.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height:1.56; text-align:justify; margin-bottom:9px\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height:1.5; border-bottom:solid #c2a02f 1pt; margin-top:24px; margin-bottom:6px; padding:0pt 0pt 6pt 0pt\"><span style=\"font-size:13.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#b0881f\"><span style=\"font-weight:700\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">IV.&ensp;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size:13.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#1a2c50\"><span style=\"font-weight:700\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">Le Coran et le savoir &mdash; sans concordisme<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height:1.56; text-align:justify; margin-bottom:9px\"><span style=\"font-size:10.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#20242e\"><span style=\"font-weight:400\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">Car le texte sacr&eacute; donne au savoir et &agrave; l&rsquo;observation de la cr&eacute;ation une dignit&eacute; particuli&egrave;re. Le tout premier mot r&eacute;v&eacute;l&eacute; est un imp&eacute;ratif&thinsp;:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<div>\n<table style=\"border:none; border-collapse:collapse\" width=\"602\">\n<colgroup>\n<col width=\"602\" \/>\n\t<\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #335182; vertical-align:top; background-color:#eaf0f7; padding:10px 13px 10px 15px; border-top:1px solid #335182; border-right:1px solid #335182; border-left:4px solid #335182; width:602px\">\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"line-height:1.6800000000000002; text-align:left; margin-bottom:7px\"><span style=\"overflow:hidden\"><span style=\"overflow-wrap:break-word\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Arial,sans-serif\"><span style=\"color:#1a2c50\"><span style=\"font-weight:400\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">\u0627\u0642\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0623\u0652 \u0628\u0650\u0627\u0633\u0652\u0645\u0650 \u0631\u064e\u0628\u0650\u0651\u0643\u064e \u0627\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0630\u0650\u064a \u062e\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0642\u064e \u062e\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0642\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0625\u0650\u0646\u0633\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0642\u064d \u0627\u0642\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0623\u0652 \u0648\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0628\u064f\u0651\u0643\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0623\u064e\u0643\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0645\u064f \u0627\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0630\u0650\u064a \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0645\u064e \u0628\u0650\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0642\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0645\u0650 \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0645\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0625\u0650\u0646\u0633\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e \u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0644\u064e\u0645\u0652 \u064a\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0645\u0652<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height:1.56; text-align:justify; margin-bottom:5px\"><span style=\"overflow:hidden\"><span style=\"overflow-wrap:break-word\"><span style=\"font-size:10.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#23314e\"><span style=\"font-weight:400\"><span style=\"font-style:italic\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">Lis, au nom de ton Seigneur qui a cr&eacute;&eacute;, qui a cr&eacute;&eacute; l&rsquo;homme d&rsquo;une adh&eacute;rence. Lis ! Ton Seigneur est le Tr&egrave;s G&eacute;n&eacute;reux, qui a enseign&eacute; par le calame, ce que l&rsquo;homme ne savait pas.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height:1.56; text-align:right\"><span style=\"overflow:hidden\"><span style=\"overflow-wrap:break-word\"><span style=\"font-size:9pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#b0881f\"><span style=\"font-weight:700\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">&mdash; Sourate 96, Al-\u02bfAlaq, versets 1 &agrave; 5<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"line-height:1.56; text-align:justify; margin-bottom:9px\"><span style=\"font-size:10.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#20242e\"><span style=\"font-weight:400\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">De nombreux versets invitent &agrave; m&eacute;diter la cr&eacute;ation comme autant de signes (&acirc;y&acirc;t)&thinsp;:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<div>\n<table style=\"border:none; border-collapse:collapse\" width=\"602\">\n<colgroup>\n<col width=\"602\" \/>\n\t<\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #335182; vertical-align:top; background-color:#eaf0f7; padding:10px 13px 10px 15px; border-top:1px solid #335182; border-right:1px solid #335182; border-left:4px solid #335182; width:602px\">\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"line-height:1.6800000000000002; text-align:left; margin-bottom:7px\"><span style=\"overflow:hidden\"><span style=\"overflow-wrap:break-word\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Arial,sans-serif\"><span style=\"color:#1a2c50\"><span style=\"font-weight:400\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">\u0625\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0641\u0650\u064a \u062e\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0642\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064e\u0651\u0645\u064e\u0627\u0648\u064e\u0627\u062a\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0623\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0636\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0627\u062e\u0652\u062a\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0627\u0641\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u064a\u0652\u0644\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0647\u064e\u0627\u0631\u0650 \u0644\u064e\u0622\u064a\u064e\u0627\u062a\u064d \u0644\u0650\u0623\u064f\u0648\u0644\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0623\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0628\u064e\u0627\u0628\u0650<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height:1.56; text-align:justify; margin-bottom:5px\"><span style=\"overflow:hidden\"><span style=\"overflow-wrap:break-word\"><span style=\"font-size:10.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#23314e\"><span style=\"font-weight:400\"><span style=\"font-style:italic\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">La cr&eacute;ation des cieux et de la terre, l&rsquo;alternance du jour et de la nuit, sont autant de signes pour des hommes dou&eacute;s de raison.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height:1.56; text-align:right\"><span style=\"overflow:hidden\"><span style=\"overflow-wrap:break-word\"><span style=\"font-size:9pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#b0881f\"><span style=\"font-weight:700\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">&mdash; Sourate 3, Al-\u02bfImr&acirc;n, verset 190<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"line-height:1.56; text-align:justify; margin-bottom:9px\"><span style=\"font-size:10.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#20242e\"><span style=\"font-weight:400\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">&Agrave; quoi r&eacute;pond la pri&egrave;re &laquo;&nbsp;Seigneur, accrois mon savoir&nbsp;&raquo; (20, 114), et le hadith authentique rapport&eacute; par Muslim selon lequel quiconque emprunte un chemin en qu&ecirc;te de savoir, Allah lui facilite un chemin vers le Paradis.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height:1.56; text-align:justify; margin-bottom:9px\"><span style=\"font-size:10.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#20242e\"><span style=\"font-weight:400\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">Mais ici, une mise en garde s&rsquo;impose &mdash; et elle est au c&oelig;ur de notre d&eacute;marche&thinsp;: le Coran n&rsquo;est pas un manuel de physique. Lui faire &laquo;&nbsp;annoncer&nbsp;&raquo; le Big Bang ou la relativit&eacute;, verset par verset, est une m&eacute;thode fragile et m&ecirc;me dangereuse, car elle soumet la r&eacute;v&eacute;lation, suppos&eacute;e immuable, &agrave; des th&eacute;ories humaines par nature changeantes. Le concordisme n&rsquo;honore pas le Coran&thinsp;: il l&rsquo;expose. Le sens de ces appels est de donner au savoir une valeur spirituelle, non de livrer des th&eacute;ories scientifiques d&eacute;guis&eacute;es.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height:1.56; text-align:justify; margin-bottom:9px\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height:1.5; border-bottom:solid #c2a02f 1pt; margin-top:24px; margin-bottom:6px; padding:0pt 0pt 6pt 0pt\"><span style=\"font-size:13.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#b0881f\"><span style=\"font-weight:700\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">V.&ensp;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size:13.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#1a2c50\"><span style=\"font-weight:700\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">Raison et r&eacute;v&eacute;lation&thinsp;: pas d&rsquo;&laquo;&nbsp;affaire Galil&eacute;e&nbsp;&raquo;, mais des d&eacute;bats<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height:1.56; text-align:justify; margin-bottom:9px\"><span style=\"font-size:10.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#20242e\"><span style=\"font-weight:400\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">Dans la tradition sunnite classique, nombre de penseurs ont pos&eacute; qu&rsquo;il n&rsquo;existe pas de conflit de principe entre la raison saine (al-\u02bfaql as-sar&icirc;h) et la r&eacute;v&eacute;lation authentique (an-naql as-sah&icirc;h). Ibn Taymiyya y consacre une &oelig;uvre enti&egrave;re&thinsp;: toute contradiction apparente vient soit d&rsquo;un raisonnement mal construit, soit d&rsquo;une transmission douteuse. Al-Ghaz&acirc;l&icirc;, lui, met en garde contre le rejet, au nom de la religion, de v&eacute;rit&eacute;s scientifiquement d&eacute;montr&eacute;es &mdash; car le jour o&ugrave; la preuve &eacute;clate, c&rsquo;est la foi de celui qui les niait qui vacille. De fait, l&rsquo;histoire islamique ne conna&icirc;t pas d&rsquo;&laquo;&nbsp;affaire Galil&eacute;e&nbsp;&raquo; o&ugrave; une institution aurait condamn&eacute; une d&eacute;couverte majeure pour des motifs doctrinaux.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height:1.56; text-align:justify; margin-bottom:9px\"><span style=\"font-size:10.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#20242e\"><span style=\"font-weight:400\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">Reste l&rsquo;objection la plus pointue, qu&rsquo;il faut affronter&thinsp;: Al-Ghaz&acirc;l&icirc;, dans L&rsquo;Incoh&eacute;rence des philosophes, n&rsquo;a-t-il pas &laquo;&nbsp;tu&eacute;&nbsp;&raquo; la science en d&eacute;truisant la causalit&eacute; &mdash; en soutenant que le feu ne br&ucirc;le pas par lui-m&ecirc;me, mais que Dieu recr&eacute;e la br&ucirc;lure &agrave; chaque instant&thinsp;? L&rsquo;argument est r&eacute;pandu&thinsp;; il est pourtant faible. Al-Ghaz&acirc;l&icirc; ne s&rsquo;en prend pas aux sciences de la nature &mdash; qu&rsquo;il tient pour une obligation communautaire (fard kif&acirc;ya) &mdash;, mais aux pr&eacute;tentions m&eacute;taphysiques de certains philosophes. Et son occasionalisme n&rsquo;abolit pas l&rsquo;ordre du monde&thinsp;: Dieu agit selon une &laquo;&nbsp;coutume&nbsp;&raquo; constante (sunnat All&acirc;h), r&eacute;guli&egrave;re et pr&eacute;visible &mdash; ce qui fonde, pr&eacute;cis&eacute;ment, l&rsquo;observation. Surtout, les faits le d&eacute;mentent&thinsp;: la grande science ne s&rsquo;est pas arr&ecirc;t&eacute;e apr&egrave;s lui. L&rsquo;&eacute;cole astronomique de Maragha, Ibn al-Sh&acirc;tir &mdash; dont Copernic reprendra les mod&egrave;les &mdash;, l&rsquo;observatoire d&rsquo;Ulugh Beg &agrave; Samarcande lui sont tous post&eacute;rieurs de deux &agrave; quatre si&egrave;cles. La th&egrave;se d&rsquo;un &laquo;&nbsp;d&eacute;clin caus&eacute; par Ghaz&acirc;l&icirc;&nbsp;&raquo; est un mythe historiographique aujourd&rsquo;hui d&eacute;pass&eacute;.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height:1.56; text-align:justify; margin-bottom:9px\"><span style=\"font-size:10.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#20242e\"><span style=\"font-weight:400\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">Cela dit &mdash; honn&ecirc;tet&eacute; oblige &mdash;, l&rsquo;absence d&rsquo;une affaire embl&eacute;matique ne signifie pas l&rsquo;absence de tensions&thinsp;: la philosophie fut parfois suspecte, les sciences sp&eacute;culatives malmen&eacute;es, et le rapport entre courants rationalistes et traditionnistes a connu des heurts. Pas de guerre structurelle, mais un dialogue parfois conflictuel.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height:1.56; text-align:justify; margin-bottom:9px\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height:1.5; border-bottom:solid #c2a02f 1pt; margin-top:24px; margin-bottom:6px; padding:0pt 0pt 6pt 0pt\"><span style=\"font-size:13.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#b0881f\"><span style=\"font-weight:700\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">VI.&ensp;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size:13.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#1a2c50\"><span style=\"font-weight:700\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">Science et modernit&eacute;&thinsp;: la m&eacute;thode contre la m&eacute;taphysique<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height:1.56; text-align:justify; margin-bottom:9px\"><span style=\"font-size:10.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#20242e\"><span style=\"font-weight:400\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">Le malentendu le plus tenace tient &agrave; une confusion. D&rsquo;un c&ocirc;t&eacute;, la science est une m&eacute;thode d&rsquo;enqu&ecirc;te sur la nature &mdash; exp&eacute;rience, mesure, mod&eacute;lisation &mdash; que l&rsquo;islam, dans ses sources, accueille sans difficult&eacute; de principe. De l&rsquo;autre, la &laquo;&nbsp;modernit&eacute;&nbsp;&raquo; d&eacute;signe aussi un ensemble de postulats philosophiques&thinsp;: le mat&eacute;rialisme, l&rsquo;id&eacute;e que rien n&rsquo;existe au-del&agrave; du mesurable. Sur ce terrain, l&rsquo;islam conteste &mdash; comme le ferait toute tradition religieuse &mdash; non la science, mais une m&eacute;taphysique qui s&rsquo;y greffe.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height:1.56; text-align:justify; margin-bottom:9px\"><span style=\"font-size:10.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#20242e\"><span style=\"font-weight:400\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">L&rsquo;exemple de l&rsquo;&eacute;volution l&rsquo;illustre bien. Le m&eacute;canisme &eacute;volutif appliqu&eacute; au vivant &mdash; animal et v&eacute;g&eacute;tal &mdash; ne pose aucun probl&egrave;me de principe&thinsp;: des penseurs musulmans, d&rsquo;Al-J&acirc;hiz au IX\u1d49 si&egrave;cle &agrave; Ibn Khald&ucirc;n au XIV\u1d49, avaient d&eacute;j&agrave; l&rsquo;intuition d&rsquo;une gradation et d&rsquo;une transformation des esp&egrave;ces. La seule v&eacute;ritable fronti&egrave;re th&eacute;ologique concerne l&rsquo;origine de l&rsquo;homme et le statut singulier d&rsquo;Adam. L&agrave;, le musulman peut adopter une posture coh&eacute;rente&thinsp;: accueillir l&rsquo;&eacute;volution comme mod&egrave;le biologique du vivant, tout en maintenant une conviction m&eacute;taphysique sur l&rsquo;unicit&eacute; spirituelle de l&rsquo;homme &mdash; la science d&eacute;crivant le comment, la foi affirmant le qui et le pourquoi. Il serait malhonn&ecirc;te de pr&eacute;tendre qu&rsquo;il n&rsquo;y a l&agrave; aucune tension&thinsp;: sur l&rsquo;origine humaine pr&eacute;cis&eacute;ment, les lectures divergent, et le frottement est r&eacute;el. Mais ce frottement est philosophique et herm&eacute;neutique, non une condamnation de la science.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height:1.56; text-align:justify; margin-bottom:9px\"><span style=\"font-size:10.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#20242e\"><span style=\"font-weight:400\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">On objectera, &agrave; juste titre, que la fronti&egrave;re entre m&eacute;thode et vision du monde n&rsquo;est pas toujours nette, et qu&rsquo;une soci&eacute;t&eacute; qui restreint la libert&eacute; de questionner ses croyances peut, de fait, &eacute;touffer la recherche. L&rsquo;objection est s&eacute;rieuse &mdash; et elle conduit au dernier point.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height:1.5; border-bottom:solid #c2a02f 1pt; margin-top:24px; margin-bottom:6px; padding:0pt 0pt 6pt 0pt\"><span style=\"font-size:13.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#b0881f\"><span style=\"font-weight:700\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">VII.&ensp;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size:13.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#1a2c50\"><span style=\"font-weight:700\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">Le retard contemporain&thinsp;: blessures et responsabilit&eacute;s partag&eacute;es<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height:1.56; text-align:justify; margin-bottom:9px\"><span style=\"font-size:10.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#20242e\"><span style=\"font-weight:400\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">Reste le constat brut&thinsp;: aujourd&rsquo;hui, beaucoup de pays musulmans accusent un retard scientifique r&eacute;el &mdash; peu de publications, de brevets, des budgets de recherche souvent inf&eacute;rieurs &agrave; 1\u202f% du PIB. Le nier serait vain. Une premi&egrave;re explication est historique&thinsp;: invasions et destruction d&rsquo;institutions (le sac de Bagdad en 1258), colonisation et d&eacute;mant&egrave;lement des structures &eacute;ducatives, instabilit&eacute;s politiques, sous-investissement chronique. Ces facteurs ont bien jou&eacute;.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height:1.56; text-align:justify; margin-bottom:9px\"><span style=\"font-size:10.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#20242e\"><span style=\"font-weight:400\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">Mais on aurait tort de s&rsquo;en tenir aux seules &laquo;&nbsp;agressions ext&eacute;rieures&nbsp;&raquo;&thinsp;: des dynamiques internes ont compt&eacute; aussi &mdash; une rigidification de certains cursus au profit des seules sciences religieuses, une m&eacute;fiance envers les courants philosophiques, des d&eacute;ficits de libert&eacute; intellectuelle. La probit&eacute; commande de le reconna&icirc;tre. La juste mesure est donc double&thinsp;: il serait simpliste d&rsquo;accuser la doctrine elle-m&ecirc;me, puisqu&rsquo;elle a cohabit&eacute; avec des si&egrave;cles de rayonnement scientifique&thinsp;; mais il serait tout aussi simpliste d&rsquo;exon&eacute;rer enti&egrave;rement les usages contemporains de la religion et les choix institutionnels faits en son nom. Le retard est un produit combin&eacute; &mdash; historique, politique, &eacute;conomique et culturel &mdash;, o&ugrave; la mani&egrave;re dont la religion est interpr&eacute;t&eacute;e p&egrave;se, &agrave; des degr&eacute;s variables. Et l&agrave; o&ugrave; les conditions sont r&eacute;unies &mdash; libert&eacute;, financement, qualit&eacute; de l&rsquo;&eacute;ducation &mdash;, les chercheurs musulmans contribuent d&eacute;j&agrave; &agrave; toutes les disciplines, de la Turquie &agrave; la Malaisie jusqu&rsquo;aux diasporas.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height:1.5; border-bottom:solid #c2a02f 1pt; margin-top:24px; margin-bottom:6px; padding:0pt 0pt 6pt 0pt\"><span style=\"font-size:13.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#b0881f\"><span style=\"font-weight:700\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">\u25c6&ensp;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size:13.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#1a2c50\"><span style=\"font-weight:700\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">Synth&egrave;se<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height:1.56; text-align:justify; margin-bottom:9px\"><span style=\"font-size:10.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#20242e\"><span style=\"font-weight:400\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">La th&egrave;se d&rsquo;une &laquo;&nbsp;guerre essentielle&nbsp;&raquo; entre l&rsquo;islam et la science ne r&eacute;siste ni &agrave; l&rsquo;histoire, ni &agrave; l&rsquo;analyse th&eacute;ologique&thinsp;: une civilisation profond&eacute;ment islamique fut &agrave; la pointe des sciences pendant des si&egrave;cles, et les sources valorisent la qu&ecirc;te du savoir et l&rsquo;observation de la cr&eacute;ation. Mais une d&eacute;fense trop apolog&eacute;tique &mdash; l&rsquo;islam comme garantie automatique de progr&egrave;s &mdash; serait tout aussi trompeuse&thinsp;: les textes restent ouverts &agrave; des usages divergents, les institutions peuvent se figer, et des choix doctrinaux ou politiques peuvent freiner la pens&eacute;e. La vraie question n&rsquo;est donc pas &laquo;&nbsp;l&rsquo;islam est-il contre la science&thinsp;?&nbsp;&raquo;, mais&thinsp;: &agrave; quelles conditions des soci&eacute;t&eacute;s musulmanes d&eacute;veloppent-elles pleinement les sciences tout en restant fid&egrave;les &agrave; leur foi&thinsp;? Ni l&eacute;gende noire, ni l&eacute;gende dor&eacute;e.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div>\n<table style=\"border:none; border-collapse:collapse\" width=\"602\">\n<colgroup>\n<col width=\"602\" \/>\n\t<\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #c2a02f; vertical-align:top; background-color:#fbf4e2; padding:10px 13px 10px 15px; border-top:1px solid #c2a02f; border-right:1px solid #c2a02f; border-left:4px solid #c2a02f; width:602px\">\n<p style=\"line-height:1.56; text-align:justify; margin-bottom:6px\"><span style=\"overflow:hidden\"><span style=\"overflow-wrap:break-word\"><span style=\"font-size:9.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#b0881f\"><span style=\"font-weight:700\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">\u25c6&ensp;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size:9.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#1a2c50\"><span style=\"font-weight:700\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">&Agrave; retenir<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; margin-bottom:5px\"><span style=\"overflow:hidden\"><span style=\"overflow-wrap:break-word\"><span style=\"font-size:10pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#b0881f\"><span style=\"font-weight:400\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">&ndash;&ensp;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size:10pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#20242e\"><span style=\"font-weight:400\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">&Agrave; l&rsquo;accusation &laquo;&nbsp;l&rsquo;islam est anti-science&nbsp;&raquo;, ne pas r&eacute;pondre par la l&eacute;gende inverse (&laquo;&nbsp;l&rsquo;islam a tout invent&eacute;&nbsp;&raquo;)&thinsp;: aussi fausse, et plus fragile.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; margin-bottom:5px\"><span style=\"overflow:hidden\"><span style=\"overflow-wrap:break-word\"><span style=\"font-size:10pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#b0881f\"><span style=\"font-weight:400\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">&ndash;&ensp;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size:10pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#20242e\"><span style=\"font-weight:400\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">L&rsquo;&acirc;ge d&rsquo;or fut r&eacute;el et majeur, mais une &oelig;uvre de civilisation (h&eacute;ritages grec\/perse\/indien, savants persans et non musulmans, m&eacute;c&eacute;nat) &mdash; non la seule foi, et non sans tensions (falsafa contest&eacute;e, Ibn Rushd marginalis&eacute;).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; margin-bottom:5px\"><span style=\"overflow:hidden\"><span style=\"overflow-wrap:break-word\"><span style=\"font-size:10pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#b0881f\"><span style=\"font-weight:400\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">&ndash;&ensp;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size:10pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#20242e\"><span style=\"font-weight:400\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">La science y est souvent n&eacute;e de besoins religieux&thinsp;: astronomie (pri&egrave;re, qibla, calendrier), alg&egrave;bre (h&eacute;ritages), critique rigoureuse des hadiths.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; margin-bottom:5px\"><span style=\"overflow:hidden\"><span style=\"overflow-wrap:break-word\"><span style=\"font-size:10pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#b0881f\"><span style=\"font-weight:400\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">&ndash;&ensp;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size:10pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#20242e\"><span style=\"font-weight:400\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">Le Coran valorise le savoir (96, 1-5&thinsp;; 3, 190) &mdash; mais sans concordisme&thinsp;: il n&rsquo;est pas un manuel de physique, et lui faire &laquo;&nbsp;annoncer&nbsp;&raquo; les th&eacute;ories modernes l&rsquo;expose au lieu de l&rsquo;honorer.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; margin-bottom:5px\"><span style=\"overflow:hidden\"><span style=\"overflow-wrap:break-word\"><span style=\"font-size:10pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#b0881f\"><span style=\"font-weight:400\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">&ndash;&ensp;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size:10pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#20242e\"><span style=\"font-weight:400\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">Pas d&rsquo;&laquo;&nbsp;affaire Galil&eacute;e&nbsp;&raquo;&thinsp;: la th&egrave;se &laquo;&nbsp;Ghaz&acirc;l&icirc; a tu&eacute; la science&nbsp;&raquo; est fausse (il d&eacute;fend les sciences, son occasionalisme pr&eacute;serve un ordre stable, et Maragha\/Ibn al-Sh&acirc;tir\/Ulugh Beg lui sont post&eacute;rieurs) &mdash; mais des tensions ont bien exist&eacute;.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; margin-bottom:5px\"><span style=\"overflow:hidden\"><span style=\"overflow-wrap:break-word\"><span style=\"font-size:10pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#b0881f\"><span style=\"font-weight:400\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">&ndash;&ensp;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size:10pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#20242e\"><span style=\"font-weight:400\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">Science &ne; mat&eacute;rialisme&thinsp;: l&rsquo;&eacute;volution comme m&eacute;canisme du vivant ne pose pas probl&egrave;me&thinsp;; la fronti&egrave;re r&eacute;elle est l&rsquo;origine d&rsquo;Adam &mdash; frottement honn&ecirc;te, non condamnation de la science.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height:1.5; text-align:justify\"><span style=\"overflow:hidden\"><span style=\"overflow-wrap:break-word\"><span style=\"font-size:10pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#b0881f\"><span style=\"font-weight:400\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">&ndash;&ensp;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size:10pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#20242e\"><span style=\"font-weight:400\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">Le retard actuel&thinsp;: blessures historiques (sac de Bagdad, colonisation) ET dynamiques internes (rigidification, m&eacute;fiance philosophique)&thinsp;; responsabilit&eacute;s partag&eacute;es, non la doctrine seule.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height:1.2; border-bottom:solid #c2a02f 0.75pt; margin-top:8px; margin-bottom:5px; padding:0pt 0pt 6pt 0pt\"><span style=\"font-size:10pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#1a2c50\"><span style=\"font-weight:700\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">Sources<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height:1.56; text-align:justify; margin-bottom:4px\"><span style=\"font-size:9pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#20242e\"><span style=\"font-weight:700\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">Coran&thinsp;: <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size:9pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#20242e\"><span style=\"font-weight:400\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">traduction fran&ccedil;aise des sens par Rachid Maach (96, 1-5&thinsp;; 3, 190&thinsp;; 20, 114).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height:1.56; text-align:justify; margin-bottom:4px\"><span style=\"font-size:9pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#20242e\"><span style=\"font-weight:700\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">Hadith&thinsp;: <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size:9pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#20242e\"><span style=\"font-weight:400\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">Sah&icirc;h Muslim (la qu&ecirc;te du savoir, chemin vers le Paradis).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height:1.56; text-align:justify; margin-bottom:4px\"><span style=\"font-size:9pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#20242e\"><span style=\"font-weight:700\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">Histoire des sciences&thinsp;: <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size:9pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#20242e\"><span style=\"font-weight:400\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">travaux sur l&rsquo;&acirc;ge d&rsquo;or et le mouvement de traduction (Bayt al-Hikma, Maragha, Ibn al-Sh&acirc;tir, Ulugh Beg)&thinsp;; r&eacute;vision de la chronologie tardive du d&eacute;clin (G. Saliba).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height:1.56; text-align:justify\"><span style=\"font-size:9pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#20242e\"><span style=\"font-weight:700\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">Th&eacute;ologie&thinsp;: <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size:9pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#20242e\"><span style=\"font-weight:400\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">Ibn Taymiyya (raison et r&eacute;v&eacute;lation)&thinsp;; Al-Ghaz&acirc;l&icirc; (les sciences comme fard kif&acirc;ya&thinsp;; mise en garde contre le rejet du d&eacute;montr&eacute;).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; \u0628\u0650\u0633\u0652\u0645\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0647\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u062d\u0652\u0645\u0670\u0646\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u062d\u0650\u064a\u0645\u0650 Au nom d&rsquo;Allah, le Tout Mis&eacute;ricordieux, le Tr&egrave;s Mis&eacute;ricordieux &nbsp; MYTHES &amp; ST&Eacute;R&Eacute;OTYPES SUR L&rsquo;ISLAM Mythe n&deg; 3 &nbsp; L&rsquo;islam est-il anti-science&thinsp;? Foi, raison et modernit&eacute;&thinsp;: d&eacute;passer un faux conflit, sans l&eacute;gende dor&eacute;e &nbsp; \u25c6&ensp;\u25c6&ensp;\u25c6 &nbsp; convertistoislam.fr &nbsp; I.&ensp;Le mythe (et pourquoi il s&eacute;duit) &laquo;&nbsp;L&rsquo;islam est anti-science.&nbsp;&raquo; L&rsquo;accusation revient sans&#8230;<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":53075,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-50027","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-prejuges-et-eclaircissements"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Mythe n\u00ba3 : L\u2019islam est-il contre la science\u2009? - \u275d Connais la v\u00e9rit\u00e9, tu conna\u00eetras ses gens \u275e<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/convertistoislam.fr\/en\/mythe-3-l-islam-est-il-contre-la-science\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Mythe n\u00ba3 : L\u2019islam est-il contre la science\u2009? - \u275d Connais la v\u00e9rit\u00e9, tu conna\u00eetras ses gens \u275e\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"&nbsp; \u0628\u0650\u0633\u0652\u0645\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0647\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u062d\u0652\u0645\u0670\u0646\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u062d\u0650\u064a\u0645\u0650 Au nom d&rsquo;Allah, le Tout Mis&eacute;ricordieux, le Tr&egrave;s Mis&eacute;ricordieux &nbsp; MYTHES &amp; ST&Eacute;R&Eacute;OTYPES SUR L&rsquo;ISLAM Mythe n&deg; 3 &nbsp; L&rsquo;islam est-il anti-science&thinsp;? 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