{"id":50024,"date":"2026-07-06T14:37:00","date_gmt":"2026-07-06T12:37:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ob-import-50024"},"modified":"2026-07-06T14:37:00","modified_gmt":"2026-07-06T12:37:00","slug":"mythe-n-5-l-islam-s-est-il-propage-par-l-epee","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/convertistoislam.fr\/en\/mythe-n-5-l-islam-s-est-il-propage-par-l-epee\/","title":{"rendered":"Mythe n\u00ba5  : L\u2019islam s\u2019est-il  propag\u00e9 par l\u2019\u00e9p\u00e9e\u2009?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"ob-sections\">\n<div\n    class=\"ob-section ob-section-html\"\n      ><\/p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"line-height:1.6800000000000002; text-align:center; margin-bottom:4px\"><span style=\"font-size:15pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Arial,sans-serif\"><span style=\"color:#b0881f\"><span style=\"font-weight:400\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">\u0628\u0650\u0633\u0652\u0645\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0647\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u062d\u0652\u0645\u0670\u0646\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u062d\u0650\u064a\u0645\u0650<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height:1.2; text-align:center; margin-bottom:4px\"><span style=\"font-size:8.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#7a7a7a\"><span style=\"font-weight:400\"><span style=\"font-style:italic\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">Au nom d&rsquo;Allah, le Tout Mis&eacute;ricordieux, le Tr&egrave;s Mis&eacute;ricordieux<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height:1.2; text-align:center; margin-bottom:4px\"><span style=\"font-size:9.5pt; font-variant:small-caps; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#b0881f\"><span style=\"font-weight:700\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">MYTHES &amp; ST&Eacute;R&Eacute;OTYPES SUR L&rsquo;ISLAM<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height:1.2; text-align:center; border-bottom:solid #c2a02f 0.75pt; padding:0pt 0pt 8pt 0pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#1a2c50\"><span style=\"font-weight:400\"><span style=\"font-style:italic\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">Dossier n&deg; 5<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height:3; text-align:center; margin-bottom:1px\"><span style=\"font-size:22pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#1a2c50\"><span style=\"font-weight:700\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">L&rsquo;islam s&rsquo;est-il r&eacute;pandu<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height:3; text-align:center; margin-bottom:10px\"><span style=\"font-size:22pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#1a2c50\"><span style=\"font-weight:700\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">par l&rsquo;&eacute;p&eacute;e&thinsp;?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height:1.2; text-align:center; margin-bottom:3px\"><span style=\"font-size:10.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#55585f\"><span style=\"font-weight:400\"><span style=\"font-style:italic\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">Les textes, la pratique fondatrice, l&rsquo;histoire et les t&eacute;moignages<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height:1.2; text-align:center\"><span style=\"font-size:9pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#b0881f\"><span style=\"font-weight:400\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">\u25c6&ensp;\u25c6&ensp;\u25c6<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height:1.2; text-align:center\"><span style=\"font-size:10pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#1a2c50\"><span style=\"font-weight:700\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">convertistoislam.fr<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height:1.2\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height:1.5; border-bottom:solid #c2a02f 1pt; margin-top:24px; margin-bottom:6px; padding:0pt 0pt 6pt 0pt\"><span style=\"font-size:13.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#b0881f\"><span style=\"font-weight:700\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">I.&ensp;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size:13.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#1a2c50\"><span style=\"font-weight:700\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">Le mythe&thinsp;: &laquo;&nbsp;convertis-toi ou meurs&nbsp;&raquo;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height:1.56; text-align:justify; margin-bottom:9px\"><span style=\"font-size:10.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#20242e\"><span style=\"font-weight:400\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">L&rsquo;image est ancr&eacute;e depuis des si&egrave;cles&thinsp;: des cavaliers surgis du d&eacute;sert, le sabre dans une main, le Coran dans l&rsquo;autre, imposant la foi aux peuples vaincus. Le point d&rsquo;appui du mythe est r&eacute;el, et il faut le nommer&thinsp;: les conqu&ecirc;tes furent fulgurantes. Un si&egrave;cle apr&egrave;s la mort du Proph&egrave;te, la domination musulmane s&rsquo;&eacute;tendait de l&rsquo;Espagne &agrave; l&rsquo;Indus. Nul ne peut pr&eacute;tendre que cet empire s&rsquo;est construit sans guerres.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height:1.56; text-align:justify; margin-bottom:9px\"><span style=\"font-size:10.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#20242e\"><span style=\"font-weight:400\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">Mais ce mythe, ce ne sont pas d&rsquo;abord les musulmans qui le r&eacute;futent&thinsp;: ce sont les historiens occidentaux eux-m&ecirc;mes&thinsp;:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<div>\n<table style=\"border:none; border-collapse:collapse\" width=\"602\">\n<colgroup>\n<col width=\"602\" \/>\n\t<\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #335182; vertical-align:top; background-color:#eaf0f7; padding:10px 13px 10px 15px; border-top:1px solid #335182; border-right:1px solid #335182; border-left:4px solid #335182; width:602px\">\n<p style=\"line-height:1.56; text-align:justify; margin-bottom:4px\"><span style=\"overflow:hidden\"><span style=\"overflow-wrap:break-word\"><span style=\"font-size:10pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#23314e\"><span style=\"font-weight:400\"><span style=\"font-style:italic\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">&laquo;&nbsp;La l&eacute;gende des musulmans fanatiques d&eacute;ferlant sur le monde et imposant l&rsquo;islam &agrave; la pointe de l&rsquo;&eacute;p&eacute;e aux peuples vaincus est l&rsquo;un des mythes les plus absurdes que les historiens aient jamais r&eacute;p&eacute;t&eacute;s.&nbsp;&raquo;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height:1.56; text-align:right\"><span style=\"overflow:hidden\"><span style=\"overflow-wrap:break-word\"><span style=\"font-size:8.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#b0881f\"><span style=\"font-weight:700\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">&mdash; De Lacy O&rsquo;Leary, Islam at the Cross Roads, 1923<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"line-height:1.56; text-align:justify; margin-bottom:9px\"><span style=\"font-size:10.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#20242e\"><span style=\"font-weight:400\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">D&rsquo;o&ugrave; vient alors la confusion&thinsp;? De l&rsquo;amalgame entre deux choses que tout s&eacute;pare&thinsp;: la conqu&ecirc;te politique et la conversion des personnes. Que des arm&eacute;es aient conquis des territoires est un fait &mdash; c&rsquo;est ainsi que se sont b&acirc;tis tous les empires, romain, byzantin, sassanide. Que ces arm&eacute;es aient converti les peuples de force est une tout autre affirmation &mdash; et c&rsquo;est elle que les textes interdisent, que la pratique fondatrice contredit et que l&rsquo;histoire d&eacute;ment. La force permet les conqu&ecirc;tes&thinsp;; elle ne fait pas les conversions.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height:1.5; border-bottom:solid #c2a02f 1pt; margin-top:24px; margin-bottom:6px; padding:0pt 0pt 6pt 0pt\"><span style=\"font-size:13.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#b0881f\"><span style=\"font-weight:700\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">II.&ensp;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size:13.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#1a2c50\"><span style=\"font-weight:700\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">Ce que le Coran pose&thinsp;: la foi ne se force pas<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height:1.56; text-align:justify; margin-bottom:9px\"><span style=\"font-size:10.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#20242e\"><span style=\"font-weight:400\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">Le principe est &eacute;nonc&eacute; sans ambigu&iuml;t&eacute;&thinsp;:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<div>\n<table style=\"border:none; border-collapse:collapse\" width=\"602\">\n<colgroup>\n<col width=\"602\" \/>\n\t<\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #335182; vertical-align:top; background-color:#eaf0f7; padding:10px 13px 10px 15px; border-top:1px solid #335182; border-right:1px solid #335182; border-left:4px solid #335182; width:602px\">\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"line-height:1.6800000000000002; text-align:left; margin-bottom:7px\"><span style=\"overflow:hidden\"><span style=\"overflow-wrap:break-word\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Arial,sans-serif\"><span style=\"color:#1a2c50\"><span style=\"font-weight:400\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">\u0644\u064e\u0627 \u0625\u0650\u0643\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0627\u0647\u064e \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0650\u0651\u064a\u0646\u0650 \u0642\u064e\u062f \u062a\u064e\u0651\u0628\u064e\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064f\u0651\u0634\u0652\u062f\u064f \u0645\u0650\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0652\u063a\u064e\u064a\u0650\u0651<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height:1.56; text-align:justify; margin-bottom:5px\"><span style=\"overflow:hidden\"><span style=\"overflow-wrap:break-word\"><span style=\"font-size:10.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#23314e\"><span style=\"font-weight:400\"><span style=\"font-style:italic\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">Nulle contrainte en religion ! Le vrai chemin se distingue d&eacute;sormais clairement de l&rsquo;&eacute;garement.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height:1.56; text-align:right\"><span style=\"overflow:hidden\"><span style=\"overflow-wrap:break-word\"><span style=\"font-size:9pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#b0881f\"><span style=\"font-weight:700\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">&mdash; Sourate 2, Al-Baqara, verset 256<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"line-height:1.56; text-align:justify; margin-bottom:9px\"><span style=\"font-size:10.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#20242e\"><span style=\"font-weight:400\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">Et le Coran interpelle le Proph&egrave;te lui-m&ecirc;me&thinsp;:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<div>\n<table style=\"border:none; border-collapse:collapse\" width=\"602\">\n<colgroup>\n<col width=\"602\" \/>\n\t<\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #335182; vertical-align:top; background-color:#eaf0f7; padding:10px 13px 10px 15px; border-top:1px solid #335182; border-right:1px solid #335182; border-left:4px solid #335182; width:602px\">\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"line-height:1.6800000000000002; text-align:left; margin-bottom:7px\"><span style=\"overflow:hidden\"><span style=\"overflow-wrap:break-word\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Arial,sans-serif\"><span style=\"color:#1a2c50\"><span style=\"font-weight:400\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">\u0648\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0648\u0652 \u0634\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064e \u0631\u064e\u0628\u064f\u0651\u0643\u064e \u0644\u064e\u0622\u0645\u064e\u0646\u064e \u0645\u064e\u0646 \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0623\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0636\u0650 \u0643\u064f\u0644\u064f\u0651\u0647\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u062c\u064e\u0645\u0650\u064a\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u0641\u064e\u0623\u064e\u0646\u062a\u064e \u062a\u064f\u0643\u0652\u0631\u0650\u0647\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0627\u0633\u064e \u062d\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0651\u0649\u0670 \u064a\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u064f\u0624\u0652\u0645\u0650\u0646\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height:1.56; text-align:justify; margin-bottom:5px\"><span style=\"overflow:hidden\"><span style=\"overflow-wrap:break-word\"><span style=\"font-size:10.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#23314e\"><span style=\"font-weight:400\"><span style=\"font-style:italic\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">Si ton Seigneur l&rsquo;avait voulu, tous les habitants de la terre auraient embrass&eacute; la foi. Est-ce &agrave; toi de contraindre les hommes &agrave; devenir croyants&thinsp;?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height:1.56; text-align:right\"><span style=\"overflow:hidden\"><span style=\"overflow-wrap:break-word\"><span style=\"font-size:9pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#b0881f\"><span style=\"font-weight:700\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">&mdash; Sourate 10, Younous, verset 99<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"line-height:1.56; text-align:justify; margin-bottom:9px\"><span style=\"font-size:10.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#20242e\"><span style=\"font-weight:400\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">Plus encore&thinsp;: le Coran ne se contente pas d&rsquo;interdire la contrainte, il prescrit positivement la seule m&eacute;thode l&eacute;gitime de l&rsquo;appel &agrave; Dieu &mdash; et c&rsquo;est la sagesse, non le sabre&thinsp;:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<div>\n<table style=\"border:none; border-collapse:collapse\" width=\"602\">\n<colgroup>\n<col width=\"602\" \/>\n\t<\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #335182; vertical-align:top; background-color:#eaf0f7; padding:10px 13px 10px 15px; border-top:1px solid #335182; border-right:1px solid #335182; border-left:4px solid #335182; width:602px\">\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"line-height:1.6800000000000002; text-align:left; margin-bottom:7px\"><span style=\"overflow:hidden\"><span style=\"overflow-wrap:break-word\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Arial,sans-serif\"><span style=\"color:#1a2c50\"><span style=\"font-weight:400\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">\u0627\u062f\u0652\u0639\u064f \u0625\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0649\u0670 \u0633\u064e\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0644\u0650 \u0631\u064e\u0628\u0650\u0651\u0643\u064e \u0628\u0650\u0627\u0644\u0652\u062d\u0650\u0643\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0629\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0639\u0650\u0638\u064e\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u062d\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0629\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u062c\u064e\u0627\u062f\u0650\u0644\u0652\u0647\u064f\u0645 \u0628\u0650\u0627\u0644\u064e\u0651\u062a\u0650\u064a \u0647\u0650\u064a\u064e \u0623\u064e\u062d\u0652\u0633\u064e\u0646\u064f<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height:1.56; text-align:justify; margin-bottom:5px\"><span style=\"overflow:hidden\"><span style=\"overflow-wrap:break-word\"><span style=\"font-size:10.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#23314e\"><span style=\"font-weight:400\"><span style=\"font-style:italic\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">Par de sages et douces exhortations, appelle les hommes &agrave; suivre la voie de ton Seigneur et discute avec eux avec la plus grande am&eacute;nit&eacute;.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height:1.56; text-align:right\"><span style=\"overflow:hidden\"><span style=\"overflow-wrap:break-word\"><span style=\"font-size:9pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#b0881f\"><span style=\"font-weight:700\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">&mdash; Sourate 16, An-Nahl, verset 125<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"line-height:1.56; text-align:justify; margin-bottom:9px\"><span style=\"font-size:10.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#20242e\"><span style=\"font-weight:400\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">La logique est profonde&thinsp;: la foi est un acte du c&oelig;ur, et un c&oelig;ur ne se conquiert pas par l&rsquo;&eacute;p&eacute;e. Une &laquo;&nbsp;conversion&nbsp;&raquo; arrach&eacute;e sous la menace est nulle aux yeux du droit musulman &mdash; les juristes des quatre &eacute;coles tiennent la conversion contrainte pour invalide, car d&eacute;pourvue de la sinc&eacute;rit&eacute; (ikhl&acirc;s) qui conditionne tout acte de foi. La religion repose sur la conviction et la volont&eacute;&thinsp;; elle n&rsquo;aurait aucun sens autrement.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height:1.5; border-bottom:solid #c2a02f 1pt; margin-top:24px; margin-bottom:6px; padding:0pt 0pt 6pt 0pt\"><span style=\"font-size:13.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#b0881f\"><span style=\"font-weight:700\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">III.&ensp;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size:13.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#1a2c50\"><span style=\"font-weight:700\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">La pratique fondatrice&thinsp;: M&eacute;dine, La Mecque, J&eacute;rusalem<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height:1.56; text-align:justify; margin-bottom:9px\"><span style=\"font-size:10.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#20242e\"><span style=\"font-weight:400\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">Ces principes ne sont pas rest&eacute;s th&eacute;oriques&thinsp;: les moments fondateurs de l&rsquo;islam les ont mis en &oelig;uvre. &Agrave; M&eacute;dine, d&egrave;s l&rsquo;H&eacute;gire, la Charte (sah&icirc;fa) conclue par le Proph&egrave;te avec les tribus de la ville stipule que les juifs forment une communaut&eacute; avec les croyants &mdash; aux juifs leur religion, aux musulmans la leur (Ibn Hish&acirc;m). Des historiens des religions, tel Huston Smith, pr&eacute;sentent ce document comme l&rsquo;une des premi&egrave;res chartes de libert&eacute; religieuse de l&rsquo;histoire.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height:1.56; text-align:justify; margin-bottom:9px\"><span style=\"font-size:10.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#20242e\"><span style=\"font-weight:400\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">&Agrave; La Mecque, en l&rsquo;an huit de l&rsquo;H&eacute;gire, le Proph&egrave;te entre en vainqueur dans la ville qui l&rsquo;a pers&eacute;cut&eacute;, banni et combattu pendant vingt ans. Il tient ses ennemis &agrave; sa merci &mdash; l&rsquo;instant r&ecirc;v&eacute;, si l&rsquo;islam &eacute;tait ce qu&rsquo;en dit le mythe, pour convertir au sabre. Il leur dit&thinsp;: &laquo;&nbsp;Allez, vous &ecirc;tes libres&nbsp;&raquo; (idhhab&ucirc; fa-antum at-tulaq&acirc;&rsquo;). Nulle conversion forc&eacute;e, m&ecirc;me au sommet de la victoire.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height:1.56; text-align:justify; margin-bottom:9px\"><span style=\"font-size:10.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#20242e\"><span style=\"font-weight:400\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">&Agrave; J&eacute;rusalem enfin, lorsque le calife Omar re&ccedil;oit la reddition de la ville, il accorde &agrave; ses habitants chr&eacute;tiens un pacte de s&eacute;curit&eacute; &mdash; l&rsquo;am&acirc;n d&rsquo;Aelia, rapport&eacute; par At-Tabar&icirc; &mdash; garantissant leurs personnes, leurs biens, leurs &eacute;glises et leurs croix, et stipulant que nul ne serait contraint dans sa religion. Le statut de prot&eacute;g&eacute; (dhimma) qui en d&eacute;coule garantissait la vie, les biens, le culte et des tribunaux propres &mdash; avec les in&eacute;galit&eacute;s bien r&eacute;elles qu&rsquo;on expose au dossier n&deg; 6. Quant aux guerres du Proph&egrave;te lui-m&ecirc;me, les d&eacute;comptes &eacute;tablis &agrave; partir des sources classiques donnent, pour une d&eacute;cennie de batailles, un total de morts se chiffrant en centaines, de part et d&rsquo;autre &mdash; rien d&rsquo;une entreprise d&rsquo;extermination ou de conversion de masse.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height:1.5; border-bottom:solid #c2a02f 1pt; margin-top:24px; margin-bottom:6px; padding:0pt 0pt 6pt 0pt\"><span style=\"font-size:13.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#b0881f\"><span style=\"font-weight:700\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">IV.&ensp;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size:13.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#1a2c50\"><span style=\"font-weight:700\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">Ce que montre l&rsquo;histoire&thinsp;: conqu&ecirc;te rapide, islamisation lente<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height:1.56; text-align:justify; margin-bottom:9px\"><span style=\"font-size:10.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#20242e\"><span style=\"font-weight:400\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">Si l&rsquo;&eacute;p&eacute;e avait converti, les peuples conquis seraient devenus musulmans du jour au lendemain. Or c&rsquo;est exactement l&rsquo;inverse que r&eacute;v&egrave;lent les travaux des historiens&thinsp;: la conqu&ecirc;te fut rapide, l&rsquo;islamisation fut lente &mdash; tr&egrave;s lente. Un si&egrave;cle apr&egrave;s la conqu&ecirc;te, les musulmans demeuraient une minorit&eacute; &mdash; de l&rsquo;ordre d&rsquo;un cinqui&egrave;me de la population, selon les estimations &mdash; dans l&rsquo;empire m&ecirc;me qu&rsquo;ils gouvernaient. L&rsquo;&Eacute;gypte, la Syrie, la Perse rest&egrave;rent majoritairement chr&eacute;tiennes ou zoroastriennes pendant des si&egrave;cles&thinsp;; les &eacute;tudes des courbes de conversion (Richard Bulliet) situent le basculement vers une majorit&eacute; musulmane deux &agrave; quatre si&egrave;cles apr&egrave;s la conqu&ecirc;te, selon les r&eacute;gions. Voil&agrave; qui est inintelligible si l&rsquo;on convertissait au sabre &mdash; et parfaitement logique si la conversion fut un processus social, progressif et largement volontaire.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height:1.56; text-align:justify; margin-bottom:9px\"><span style=\"font-size:10.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#20242e\"><span style=\"font-weight:400\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">Le cas des coptes d&rsquo;&Eacute;gypte est &eacute;loquent, et c&rsquo;est un historien non musulman qui l&rsquo;&eacute;tablit&thinsp;: Thomas Arnold, dans l&rsquo;ouvrage de r&eacute;f&eacute;rence sur la diffusion de l&rsquo;islam (The Preaching of Islam, 1896), ne trouve &laquo;&nbsp;aucun t&eacute;moignage&nbsp;&raquo; d&rsquo;une conversion des coptes sous la contrainte. Il rappelle au contraire la f&eacute;roce pers&eacute;cution byzantine du christianisme &eacute;gyptien &mdash; les &eacute;glises d&rsquo;Orient datent encore leur calendrier de l&rsquo;&laquo;&nbsp;&egrave;re des martyrs&nbsp;&raquo; &mdash; et note que la conqu&ecirc;te apporta &agrave; ces chr&eacute;tiens une libert&eacute; religieuse qu&rsquo;ils n&rsquo;avaient plus connue depuis un si&egrave;cle&thinsp;; beaucoup embrass&egrave;rent l&rsquo;islam librement, certains avant m&ecirc;me la fin de la conqu&ecirc;te. L&rsquo;orientaliste allemande Sigrid Hunke conclut de m&ecirc;me&thinsp;: c&rsquo;est la tol&eacute;rance, non &laquo;&nbsp;le feu et l&rsquo;&eacute;p&eacute;e&nbsp;&raquo;, qui joua le r&ocirc;le d&eacute;cisif dans la diffusion.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height:1.56; text-align:justify; margin-bottom:9px\"><span style=\"font-size:10.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#20242e\"><span style=\"font-weight:400\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">Les contre-exemples ach&egrave;vent la d&eacute;monstration. Des dynasties musulmanes gouvern&egrave;rent l&rsquo;Inde pr&egrave;s d&rsquo;un mill&eacute;naire, avec tout pouvoir d&rsquo;imposer l&rsquo;islam&thinsp;: elles ne le firent pas &mdash; plus de 80\u202f% de l&rsquo;Inde demeure aujourd&rsquo;hui non musulmane. &Agrave; l&rsquo;inverse, l&rsquo;islam s&rsquo;est r&eacute;pandu l&agrave; o&ugrave; aucune arm&eacute;e musulmane n&rsquo;a jamais mis le pied&thinsp;: la c&ocirc;te orientale de l&rsquo;Afrique, l&rsquo;Afrique de l&rsquo;Ouest, la Malaisie et l&rsquo;Indon&eacute;sie &mdash; aujourd&rsquo;hui le plus grand pays musulman du monde &mdash;, gagn&eacute;s par les marchands, les mariages et les confr&eacute;ries soufies. O&ugrave; &eacute;tait l&rsquo;&eacute;p&eacute;e&thinsp;?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height:1.56; text-align:justify; margin-bottom:9px\"><span style=\"font-size:10.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#20242e\"><span style=\"font-weight:400\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">Et l&rsquo;argument se v&eacute;rifie par sym&eacute;trie&thinsp;: quatorze si&egrave;cles apr&egrave;s la conqu&ecirc;te, coptes d&rsquo;&Eacute;gypte, chr&eacute;tiens du Levant et juifs d&rsquo;Orient existent toujours en terre d&rsquo;islam &mdash; tandis que l&rsquo;islam d&rsquo;Espagne et de Sicile, lui, disparut en quelques g&eacute;n&eacute;rations apr&egrave;s la Reconquista, par conversion forc&eacute;e, expulsion et Inquisition. Ce n&rsquo;est pas un argument de sup&eacute;riorit&eacute; morale&thinsp;; c&rsquo;est un test de r&eacute;alit&eacute;&thinsp;: on sait &agrave; quoi ressemble une &eacute;radication religieuse, et la pr&eacute;sence continue des minorit&eacute;s en terre d&rsquo;islam prouve que ce n&rsquo;est pas ce qui s&rsquo;y est produit.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height:1.5; border-bottom:solid #c2a02f 1pt; margin-top:24px; margin-bottom:6px; padding:0pt 0pt 6pt 0pt\"><span style=\"font-size:13.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#b0881f\"><span style=\"font-weight:700\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">V.&ensp;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size:13.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#1a2c50\"><span style=\"font-weight:700\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">Aujourd&rsquo;hui&thinsp;: une expansion sans &eacute;p&eacute;e<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height:1.56; text-align:justify; margin-bottom:9px\"><span style=\"font-size:10.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#20242e\"><span style=\"font-weight:400\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">Le pr&eacute;sent ach&egrave;ve de d&eacute;faire le mythe. Un almanach am&eacute;ricain (Reader&rsquo;s Digest, 1986) calculait qu&rsquo;entre 1934 et 1984 l&rsquo;islam avait cr&ucirc; de 235\u202f%, contre 47\u202f% pour le christianisme &mdash; chiffre &agrave; manier avec prudence, car il agr&egrave;ge natalit&eacute; et conversions. Mais la tendance, elle, est confirm&eacute;e par les grandes enqu&ecirc;tes contemporaines (Pew Research)&thinsp;: l&rsquo;islam est aujourd&rsquo;hui la religion qui cro&icirc;t le plus vite au monde, et celle qui gagne le plus de fid&egrave;les en Europe et en Am&eacute;rique du Nord &mdash; des dizaines de milliers de conversions libres chaque ann&eacute;e, dans des pays o&ugrave; les musulmans sont minoritaires, sans pouvoir et sans arm&eacute;e. Or aucune &laquo;&nbsp;conqu&ecirc;te musulmane&nbsp;&raquo; n&rsquo;a eu lieu durant cette p&eacute;riode. La seule &eacute;p&eacute;e dont disposent les musulmans d&rsquo;Occident est celle de la conviction &mdash; et c&rsquo;est elle qui convainc. Si l&rsquo;islam avait eu besoin du sabre pour se r&eacute;pandre, il devrait reculer partout o&ugrave; il n&rsquo;en a pas&thinsp;; c&rsquo;est l&rsquo;inverse qui se produit.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height:1.5; border-bottom:solid #c2a02f 1pt; margin-top:24px; margin-bottom:6px; padding:0pt 0pt 6pt 0pt\"><span style=\"font-size:13.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#b0881f\"><span style=\"font-weight:700\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">VI.&ensp;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size:13.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#1a2c50\"><span style=\"font-weight:700\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">L&rsquo;honn&ecirc;tet&eacute;&thinsp;: conqu&ecirc;tes r&eacute;elles, pressions r&eacute;elles<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height:1.56; text-align:justify; margin-bottom:9px\"><span style=\"font-size:10.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#20242e\"><span style=\"font-weight:400\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">Il faut maintenant dire ce que le mythe contient de vrai, sans quoi la r&eacute;ponse ne vaudrait rien. Les conqu&ecirc;tes furent des conqu&ecirc;tes&thinsp;: expansion militaire, batailles, butin, tributs, domination politique &mdash; avec leur part de violences, comme tout empire de leur temps. Les pr&eacute;senter comme de pures &laquo;&nbsp;ouvertures&nbsp;&raquo; pacifiques serait une l&eacute;gende rose. L&rsquo;islam a &eacute;tendu par l&rsquo;&eacute;p&eacute;e la domination d&rsquo;un &Eacute;tat musulman&thinsp;; ce qu&rsquo;il n&rsquo;a pas fait par l&rsquo;&eacute;p&eacute;e, c&rsquo;est remplir les c&oelig;urs.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height:1.56; text-align:justify; margin-bottom:9px\"><span style=\"font-size:10.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#20242e\"><span style=\"font-weight:400\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">Ensuite, si la conversion forc&eacute;e fut interdite et rare, la pression structurelle, elle, fut r&eacute;elle. Le statut de dhimmi &mdash; imp&ocirc;t sp&eacute;cifique, inf&eacute;riorit&eacute; juridique &mdash; rendait l&rsquo;islamisation socialement et fiscalement avantageuse&thinsp;: all&eacute;gement d&rsquo;imp&ocirc;t, acc&egrave;s aux carri&egrave;res, statut plein. S&rsquo;y ajoutait le verrou de la peine d&rsquo;apostasie (dossier n&deg; 13), qui rendait le chemin inverse p&eacute;rilleux. Sur des si&egrave;cles, ces incitations ont pes&eacute;, et il serait malhonn&ecirc;te de le nier&thinsp;: des hommes se sont faits musulmans pour payer moins et compter davantage, et les juristes eux-m&ecirc;mes s&rsquo;en inqui&eacute;taient. La formule exacte est donc celle-ci&thinsp;: conversion par l&rsquo;&eacute;p&eacute;e, non&thinsp;; islamisation favoris&eacute;e par la domination, oui. Quiconque affirme la premi&egrave;re travestit l&rsquo;histoire&thinsp;; quiconque nie la seconde aussi.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height:1.56; text-align:justify; margin-bottom:9px\"><span style=\"font-size:10.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#20242e\"><span style=\"font-weight:400\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">Enfin, l&rsquo;histoire conna&icirc;t des exceptions &agrave; la r&egrave;gle de non-contrainte &mdash; conversions forc&eacute;es sous les Almohades, z&egrave;le brutal de tel gouverneur &mdash; que les savants ont condamn&eacute;es comme des violations du droit m&ecirc;me qu&rsquo;elles pr&eacute;tendaient servir. Elles furent l&rsquo;exception qui confirme la norme&thinsp;: si la norme avait &eacute;t&eacute; la conversion forc&eacute;e, nul n&rsquo;aurait eu &agrave; la violer.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height:1.5; border-bottom:solid #c2a02f 1pt; margin-top:24px; margin-bottom:6px; padding:0pt 0pt 6pt 0pt\"><span style=\"font-size:13.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#b0881f\"><span style=\"font-weight:700\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">\u25c6&ensp;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size:13.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#1a2c50\"><span style=\"font-weight:700\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">Synth&egrave;se<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height:1.56; text-align:justify; margin-bottom:9px\"><span style=\"font-size:10.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#20242e\"><span style=\"font-weight:400\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">&laquo;&nbsp;L&rsquo;islam s&rsquo;est r&eacute;pandu par l&rsquo;&eacute;p&eacute;e&nbsp;&raquo; confond la conqu&ecirc;te politique &mdash; r&eacute;elle et assum&eacute;e, comme tous les empires &mdash; et la conversion des personnes, que le Coran d&eacute;clare impossible &agrave; forcer (2, 256&thinsp;; 10, 99) et dont il prescrit l&rsquo;unique m&eacute;thode&thinsp;: la sagesse et la belle exhortation (16, 125). La pratique fondatrice l&rsquo;a d&eacute;montr&eacute; &mdash; la Charte de M&eacute;dine, le &laquo;&nbsp;Allez, vous &ecirc;tes libres&nbsp;&raquo; de La Mecque conquise, l&rsquo;am&acirc;n d&rsquo;Omar &agrave; J&eacute;rusalem &mdash; et l&rsquo;histoire l&rsquo;a confirm&eacute;&thinsp;: islamisation lente sur des si&egrave;cles, Inde rest&eacute;e non musulmane &agrave; plus de 80\u202f% apr&egrave;s un mill&eacute;naire de pouvoir musulman, Indon&eacute;sie et Afrique orientale gagn&eacute;es sans un soldat, minorit&eacute;s toujours vivantes quatorze si&egrave;cles plus tard, et aujourd&rsquo;hui une expansion mondiale sans la moindre conqu&ecirc;te. Restent les v&eacute;rit&eacute;s &agrave; assumer&thinsp;: des conqu&ecirc;tes violentes comme leur temps, et une pression structurelle qui favorisa l&rsquo;islamisation sans forcer les consciences. C&rsquo;est cette r&eacute;ponse compl&egrave;te, et non un slogan, qui tient debout.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div>\n<table style=\"border:none; border-collapse:collapse\" width=\"602\">\n<colgroup>\n<col width=\"602\" \/>\n\t<\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #c2a02f; vertical-align:top; background-color:#fbf4e2; padding:10px 13px 10px 15px; border-top:1px solid #c2a02f; border-right:1px solid #c2a02f; border-left:4px solid #c2a02f; width:602px\">\n<p style=\"line-height:1.56; text-align:justify; margin-bottom:6px\"><span style=\"overflow:hidden\"><span style=\"overflow-wrap:break-word\"><span style=\"font-size:9.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#b0881f\"><span style=\"font-weight:700\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">\u25c6&ensp;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size:9.5pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#1a2c50\"><span style=\"font-weight:700\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">&Agrave; retenir<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; margin-bottom:5px\"><span style=\"overflow:hidden\"><span style=\"overflow-wrap:break-word\"><span style=\"font-size:10pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#b0881f\"><span style=\"font-weight:400\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">&ndash;&ensp;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size:10pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#20242e\"><span style=\"font-weight:400\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">Distinguer conqu&ecirc;te politique (r&eacute;elle&thinsp;: un empire b&acirc;ti par les armes, comme tous les empires) et conversion forc&eacute;e (interdite par les textes, d&eacute;mentie par l&rsquo;histoire). M&ecirc;me les historiens occidentaux (O&rsquo;Leary) tiennent ce mythe pour absurde.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; margin-bottom:5px\"><span style=\"overflow:hidden\"><span style=\"overflow-wrap:break-word\"><span style=\"font-size:10pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#b0881f\"><span style=\"font-weight:400\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">&ndash;&ensp;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size:10pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#20242e\"><span style=\"font-weight:400\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">Le Coran&thinsp;: nulle contrainte (2, 256)&thinsp;; Dieu n&rsquo;a pas voulu forcer la foi (10, 99)&thinsp;; et la m&eacute;thode prescrite est la sagesse et la belle exhortation (16, 125). Une conversion contrainte est juridiquement nulle.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; margin-bottom:5px\"><span style=\"overflow:hidden\"><span style=\"overflow-wrap:break-word\"><span style=\"font-size:10pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#b0881f\"><span style=\"font-weight:400\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">&ndash;&ensp;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size:10pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#20242e\"><span style=\"font-weight:400\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">La pratique fondatrice&thinsp;: Charte de M&eacute;dine (aux juifs leur religion), &laquo;&nbsp;Allez, vous &ecirc;tes libres&nbsp;&raquo; &agrave; La Mecque conquise, am&acirc;n d&rsquo;Omar aux chr&eacute;tiens de J&eacute;rusalem.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; margin-bottom:5px\"><span style=\"overflow:hidden\"><span style=\"overflow-wrap:break-word\"><span style=\"font-size:10pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#b0881f\"><span style=\"font-weight:400\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">&ndash;&ensp;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size:10pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#20242e\"><span style=\"font-weight:400\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">L&rsquo;islamisation fut lente (environ un cinqui&egrave;me de musulmans un si&egrave;cle apr&egrave;s la conqu&ecirc;te&thinsp;; bascule majoritaire apr&egrave;s deux &agrave; quatre si&egrave;cles &mdash; R. Bulliet)&thinsp;; Arnold&thinsp;: aucun t&eacute;moignage de conversion forc&eacute;e des coptes, lib&eacute;r&eacute;s de la pers&eacute;cution byzantine.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; margin-bottom:5px\"><span style=\"overflow:hidden\"><span style=\"overflow-wrap:break-word\"><span style=\"font-size:10pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#b0881f\"><span style=\"font-weight:400\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">&ndash;&ensp;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size:10pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#20242e\"><span style=\"font-weight:400\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">Contre-exemples&thinsp;: l&rsquo;Inde &agrave; plus de 80\u202f% non musulmane apr&egrave;s un mill&eacute;naire de pouvoir musulman&thinsp;; Indon&eacute;sie, Malaisie, Afrique de l&rsquo;Est et de l&rsquo;Ouest islamis&eacute;es sans un soldat&thinsp;; minorit&eacute;s toujours pr&eacute;sentes apr&egrave;s quatorze si&egrave;cles (contraste&thinsp;: Reconquista).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height:1.5; text-align:justify; margin-bottom:5px\"><span style=\"overflow:hidden\"><span style=\"overflow-wrap:break-word\"><span style=\"font-size:10pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#b0881f\"><span style=\"font-weight:400\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">&ndash;&ensp;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size:10pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#20242e\"><span style=\"font-weight:400\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">Aujourd&rsquo;hui&thinsp;: religion &agrave; la croissance la plus rapide (Pew), conversions libres en Occident o&ugrave; les musulmans n&rsquo;ont aucun pouvoir &mdash; la seule &eacute;p&eacute;e est la conviction.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height:1.5; text-align:justify\"><span style=\"overflow:hidden\"><span style=\"overflow-wrap:break-word\"><span style=\"font-size:10pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#b0881f\"><span style=\"font-weight:400\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">&ndash;&ensp;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size:10pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#20242e\"><span style=\"font-weight:400\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">Honn&ecirc;tet&eacute;&thinsp;: conqu&ecirc;tes violentes comme leur temps&thinsp;; pression structurelle r&eacute;elle (jizya, statut, apostasie verrouill&eacute;e) qui favorisa l&rsquo;islamisation &mdash; &agrave; dire franchement&thinsp;; les conversions forc&eacute;es ponctuelles (Almohades) furent des violations condamn&eacute;es de la norme.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height:1.2; border-bottom:solid #c2a02f 0.75pt; margin-top:8px; margin-bottom:5px; padding:0pt 0pt 6pt 0pt\"><span style=\"font-size:10pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#1a2c50\"><span style=\"font-weight:700\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">Sources<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height:1.56; text-align:justify; margin-bottom:4px\"><span style=\"font-size:9pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#20242e\"><span style=\"font-weight:700\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">Coran&thinsp;: <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size:9pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#20242e\"><span style=\"font-weight:400\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">traduction fran&ccedil;aise des sens par Rachid Maach (2, 256&thinsp;; 10, 99&thinsp;; 16, 125).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height:1.56; text-align:justify; margin-bottom:4px\"><span style=\"font-size:9pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#20242e\"><span style=\"font-weight:700\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">Sources fondatrices&thinsp;: <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size:9pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#20242e\"><span style=\"font-weight:400\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">Charte de M&eacute;dine (Ibn Hish&acirc;m)&thinsp;; conqu&ecirc;te de La Mecque, &laquo;&nbsp;Allez, vous &ecirc;tes libres&nbsp;&raquo; (S&icirc;ra)&thinsp;; am&acirc;n d&rsquo;Omar aux habitants de J&eacute;rusalem (At-Tabar&icirc;)&thinsp;; invalidit&eacute; de la conversion contrainte dans les quatre &eacute;coles.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height:1.56; text-align:justify; margin-bottom:4px\"><span style=\"font-size:9pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#20242e\"><span style=\"font-weight:700\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">Historiens&thinsp;: <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size:9pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#20242e\"><span style=\"font-weight:400\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">D. Lacy O&rsquo;Leary, Islam at the Cross Roads (1923)&thinsp;; T. Arnold, The Preaching of Islam (1896)&thinsp;; S. Hunke, Allah ist ganz anders (1990)&thinsp;; R. Bulliet, Conversion to Islam in the Medieval Period (courbes de conversion)&thinsp;; Huston Smith, The World&rsquo;s Religions (Charte de M&eacute;dine).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height:1.56; text-align:justify\"><span style=\"font-size:9pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#20242e\"><span style=\"font-weight:700\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">Donn&eacute;es contemporaines&thinsp;: <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size:9pt; font-variant:normal; white-space:pre-wrap\"><span style=\"font-family:Georgia,serif\"><span style=\"color:#20242e\"><span style=\"font-weight:400\"><span style=\"font-style:normal\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">Pew Research Center (croissance compar&eacute;e des religions)&thinsp;; almanach Reader&rsquo;s Digest 1986 (1934-1984, chiffre indicatif m&ecirc;lant d&eacute;mographie et conversions).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; \u0628\u0650\u0633\u0652\u0645\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0647\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u062d\u0652\u0645\u0670\u0646\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u062d\u0650\u064a\u0645\u0650 Au nom d&rsquo;Allah, le Tout Mis&eacute;ricordieux, le Tr&egrave;s Mis&eacute;ricordieux &nbsp; MYTHES &amp; ST&Eacute;R&Eacute;OTYPES SUR L&rsquo;ISLAM Dossier n&deg; 5 &nbsp; L&rsquo;islam s&rsquo;est-il r&eacute;pandu par l&rsquo;&eacute;p&eacute;e&thinsp;? Les textes, la pratique fondatrice, l&rsquo;histoire et les t&eacute;moignages &nbsp; \u25c6&ensp;\u25c6&ensp;\u25c6 &nbsp; convertistoislam.fr &nbsp; I.&ensp;Le mythe&thinsp;: &laquo;&nbsp;convertis-toi ou meurs&nbsp;&raquo; L&rsquo;image est ancr&eacute;e depuis des si&egrave;cles&thinsp;: des&#8230;<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":53072,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-50024","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-prejuges-et-eclaircissements"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Mythe n\u00ba5 : L\u2019islam s\u2019est-il propag\u00e9 par l\u2019\u00e9p\u00e9e\u2009? - \u275d Connais la v\u00e9rit\u00e9, tu conna\u00eetras ses gens \u275e<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/convertistoislam.fr\/en\/mythe-n-5-l-islam-s-est-il-propage-par-l-epee\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Mythe n\u00ba5 : L\u2019islam s\u2019est-il propag\u00e9 par l\u2019\u00e9p\u00e9e\u2009? - \u275d Connais la v\u00e9rit\u00e9, tu conna\u00eetras ses gens \u275e\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"&nbsp; \u0628\u0650\u0633\u0652\u0645\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0647\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u062d\u0652\u0645\u0670\u0646\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u062d\u0650\u064a\u0645\u0650 Au nom d&rsquo;Allah, le Tout Mis&eacute;ricordieux, le Tr&egrave;s Mis&eacute;ricordieux &nbsp; MYTHES &amp; ST&Eacute;R&Eacute;OTYPES SUR L&rsquo;ISLAM Dossier n&deg; 5 &nbsp; L&rsquo;islam s&rsquo;est-il r&eacute;pandu par l&rsquo;&eacute;p&eacute;e&thinsp;? 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